Human Microbiome Market Overview

The Human Microbiome Market is projected to witness significant growth between 2025 and 2035, driven by increasing need for human microbiome therapeutics to treat various conditions such as diabetes, asthma, metabolic disorders, and others disease. Valued at approximately USD 1.4 billion in 2025, the market is expected to soar to USD 4.8 billion by 2035, reflecting a strong compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.1% over the ten-year period.

Human microbiome is defined as an aggregate of trillions of microorganisms comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa residing in different parts of humans, including skin, mouth, intestine, and other mucosal surfaces. The majority of these microbes reside in the intestinal tract, particularly in the large intestine, where they establish complex and dynamic relationships. Previously underappreciated, the human microbiome is now known to play an important part in human health, with roles in digestion, immunomodulation, pathogen defense, and even mood and behaviour regulation through the gut-brain axis. Every individual's microbiome is unique, influenced by genetics, diet, environment, medication, and lifestyle.

Applications of microbiome science are growing fast in medicine, biotechnology, and nutrition. One of the most promising uses is in personalized medicine, in which microbiome analysis can aid in personalizing therapies for such diseases as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and type 2 diabetes. For instance, specific profiles of bacteria in the gut have been associated with better responses to cancer immunotherapy, allowing for more targeted and effective therapies. Probiotics and prebiotics—that is, compounds that promote friendly bacteria—are being engineered to restore a healthy balance of microbes, particularly after antibiotic use or during gastrointestinal illness. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in which stool from one healthy donor is transferred to another, is highly successful in treating relapsing Clostridioides difficile infections. The microbiome is also being investigated with regard to mental health, with evidence of an association between bacteria in the intestines and mood disorders such as depression and anxiety.

Human Microbiome Market Drivers and Opportunities

Rising Incidence of Chronic Diseases is anticipated to lift the Human Microbiome Market during the forecast period

The rise in lifestyle and chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, IBD, and autoimmune disorders, is predominantly driving growth in the human microbiome market. Through various studies, it is established that disruption in the composition of the gut microbiota or dysbiosis is associated with the development of such diseases. Consequently, increased attention is being paid to microbiome-based therapies, diagnostic methods, and diets to regain microbial homeostasis to improve health.

Pharmaceutical firms are spending substantially on microbiome research to establish targeted probiotics, prebiotics, and live biotherapeutics. Additionally, increased focus on personalized medicine is driving microbiome profiling to detect individual microbial profiles linked with risk of disease. With increased awareness by health professionals and the population at large regarding the role of microbiome in specific diseases, demand for microbiome-related solutions is likely to grow, contributing to market growth.

Advances in Sequencing and Bioinformatics Technologies drives global Human Microbiome Market

Next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have greatly accelerated microbiome studies by making them more feasible and cost-effective. They provide accurate analysis of intricate microbial communities in the human body to identify and quantify bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Such functionality is enabling novel avenues to understand how the microbiome relates to human health.

It is now possible to analyze microbial functions, gene expression, and interactions with the host in greater depth. Such insights are propelling the development of microbiome-based diagnostic products, therapies, and disease prediction models. Microbiome data are also being linked to artificial intelligence and machine learning to discover putative biomarkers and targets for therapeutics, propelling innovation even more. The decreasing costs for sequencing along with increasing computing power in computational biology are spurring startups as well as biotechnology companies to join the sector, driving competition as well as expansion. Technology innovation is essentially an enabling force behind advancement in the microbiome sector.

Opportunity for the Human Microbiome Market

Expansion into Mental Health and Neurological Disorders is significant opportunities in the global Human Microbiome Market

One of the most promising opportunities in the human microbiome sector is in treating mental health, including neurological disorders. New studies of the gut-brain axis—a two-way communication system involving the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract—imply that microbiota in the gut might have something to do with mood, cognitive processes, and behaviour. Gut microbiome imbalances have also been associated with depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, and even various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. This has created the promise of novel therapies with probiotics, psychobiotics (potentially neuroactive bacteria), and dietary modulations to shape the microbiome in favour of brain health.

More companies are also investing in clinical trials for microbiome-based therapies to treat mental health, with researchers discovering particular strains of microorganisms responsible for producing neurotransmitters. Microbiome-based therapies are an attractive, non-surgical alternative with traditional therapies for mental health issues being hampered by side effects and inconsistent efficacy. With millions of lives impacted by mental health disorders worldwide, amid increasing demands in society for innovative cures, this is an investment and innovation opportunity in the microbiome that is both lucrative and far-reaching.

Human Microbiome Market Scope

Human Microbiome Market Report Segmentation Analysis

The global Human Microbiome Market industry analysis is segmented into by Product, Microbiome Type, Application and End-user and by region.

The Prebiotics Products segment is anticipated to hold the highest share of the global Human Microbiome Market during the projected timeframe.

Prebiotics products segment is likely to hold the largest market share in the human microbiome market throughout the forecast period, with consumer interest in gut wellness driving growth. Prebiotics are food components that are not digested in the human body but are used to stimulate the activity and growth of friendly bacteria in the gut. Prebiotics are being applied extensively in foodstuffs, functional foods, and dietary supplements. The use of prebiotics is increasing significantly as consumers become more health-conscious regarding their role in establishing a healthy microbiome, immune function, and prevention from gastrointestinal disorders.

In contrast to probiotics, with their use of live bacteria, prebiotics are more stable to work with and simpler to add to food and drinks, which makes them more appealing to manufacturers as well as to consumers. The increased focus on preventive care and personalized nutrition also drives adoption of prebiotic-rich diets. Major players are putting money into R&D to come out with novel, targeted prebiotic ingredients that have specific health outcomes in mind, such as metabolic health or brain health. The growing presence of prebiotics in both consumer goods and clinical products means that this segment is expanding at full speed and controlling market share.

The Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) segment is anticipated to hold the highest share of the market over the forecast period.

Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) are fast becoming one of the dominant segments in the human microbiome market, with expectations to maintain the largest market share over the forecast period. LBPs are biological products that incorporate live organisms, e.g., helpful bacteria, to prevent, treat, or cure disease. Unlike other probiotics, LBPs are manufactured under stringent pharmaceutical-grade processes and are subjected to clinical trials to prove efficacy and safety. The success of products such as Rebyota (Ferring Pharmaceuticals) and Vowst (Seres Therapeutics)—both FDA-approved microbiome therapies to treat Clostridioides difficile infection—has paved way to expanded use in treating IBD, metabolic disorders, as well as even neurological ailments. The expanding pipeline of microbiome therapies, fueled by growing R&D investment, partnerships, and favourable regulatory changes, is driving growth in this segment.

The Therapeutics application segment dominated the market in 2024 and is predicted to grow at the highest CAGR over the forecast period.

Therapeutics application accounted for the largest share of the human microbiome market in 2024 and is set to grow with the highest compound annual growth rate (CAGR) through the forecast period. The segment gains traction due to growing awareness of how the microbiome contributes to developing and managing diseases. Microbiome science's therapeutics applications are expanding from gut health to other areas such as metabolic disorders, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurological ailments.

Increased clinical trials and FDA approvals for microbiome therapeutics, such as LBPs, as well as fecal microbiota transplants (FMT), reflect increasing clinical applicability and commercial appeal of these medicines. Biopharma companies and research organizations are making big bets in discovering and developing live microbial therapies to modulate the intestinal microbiota to promote health. In addition, advancements in microbiome sequencing and personalized medicine are making more targeted therapies possible. With regulatory and provider organizations continuing to promote innovation in this area, the therapeutic segment is likely to continue being the driving force in market growth, providing specialty solutions for many under-treated conditions.

The following segments are part of an in-depth analysis of the global Human Microbiome Market:

Human Microbiome Market Share Analysis by Region

North America is projected to hold the largest share of the global Human Microbiome Market over the forecast period.

North America is at the forefront of the global human microbiome market due to the presence of influential health infrastructure, extensive research investment, and high penetration of major biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies. The United States is particularly ahead of other regions with high investment by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which initiated initiatives such as the Human Microbiome Project to facilitate state-of-the-art research in this area. The region is also fueled by extensive implementation of innovative technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics platforms, which are essential for analysis of microbiome as well as therapeutics development.

In addition, North America enjoys increased awareness in the health care sector and among consumers of the importance of the microbiome in health and disease, driving demand for microbiome-based therapeutics, probiotics, and diagnostics. Academic organizations and startups are in partnerships to come up with innovative products centered around microbiome solutions to tackle disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, and even psychiatric disorders. Support from regulatory agencies coupled with clear avenues to trials and approvals continues to reinforce North America's position of dominance. North America is likely to continue to lead in the market for human microbiome with increased research, partnerships, and investor demand, setting the trend for commercialization and innovation globally.

Human Microbiome Market Competition Landscape Analysis

The market is competitive, with several established players and new entrants offering a range of sustainable pharmaceutical packaging products and services. Some of the key Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Second Genome, Finch Therapeutics Group Inc., Vedanta Biosciences, AOBiome Therapeutics, Enterome Biosciences SA and others.

Global Human Microbiome Market Recent Developments News:

In November of 2024, Nexilico entered into partnership with Siolta Therapeutics to develop live biotherapeutic products to treat necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. This partnership brings together discovery platforms powered by artificial intelligence with targeted biotherapeutics expertise to bring innovative treatment concepts in infant health.

In November 2023, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming microbiome science. There are companies such as Jona, which debuted with $5 million in capital, working to commercialize at-home microbiome profiling kits with added AI. The products are meant to offer proactive health advice through examination of enormous microbial genome data sets, revealing complex interactions among the microbiome and health.

In April of 2023, Seres Therapeutics, in partnership with Nestlé Health Science, brought to market Vowst, the first orally delivered microbiota product. The approvals are benchmark events in authorizing microbiome therapeutics to become part of mainstream medicine and will set the stage for subsequent therapies for treating other ailments.

The Global Human Microbiome Market is dominated by a few large companies, such as

·         Ferring Pharmaceuticals

·         Second Genome

·         Finch Therapeutics Group Inc.

·         Vedanta Biosciences

·         AOBiome Therapeutics

·         4D Pharma plc

·         Enterome Biosciences SA

·         BioGaia

·         Seed Health

·         Synthetic Biologics Inc.

·         Axial Biotherapeutics Inc.

·         Evelo Biosciences Inc.

·         Osel Inc.

·         DuPont

·         Codex Labs

·         Other Prominent Players 

1.       Global Human Microbiome Market Introduction and Market Overview

1.1.    Objectives of the Study

1.2.    Global Human Microbiome Market Scope and Market Estimation

1.2.1.Global Human Microbiome Market Overall Market Size (US$ Bn), Market CAGR (%), Market forecast (2025 - 2035)

1.2.2.Global Human Microbiome Market Revenue Share (%) and Growth Rate (Y-o-Y) from 2021 - 2035

1.3.    Market Segmentation

1.3.1.Product of Global Human Microbiome Market

1.3.2.Microbiome Type of Global Human Microbiome Market

1.3.3.Application of Global Human Microbiome Market

1.3.4.End-user of Global Human Microbiome Market

1.3.5.Region of Global Human Microbiome Market

2.       Executive Summary

2.1.    Demand Side Trends

2.2.    Key Market Trends

2.3.    Market Demand (US$ Bn) Analysis 2021 – 2024 and Forecast, 2025 – 2035

2.4.    Demand and Opportunity Assessment

2.5.    Demand Supply Scenario

2.6.    Market Dynamics

2.6.1.Drivers

2.6.2.Limitations

2.6.3.Opportunities

2.6.4.Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints

2.7.    Emerging Trends for Human Microbiome Market

2.8.    Key Product/Brand Analysis

2.9.    Application of Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

2.10.  Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

2.10.1.    Bargaining Power of Suppliers

2.10.2.    Bargaining Power of Buyers

2.10.3.    Threat of Substitutes

2.10.4.    Threat of New Entrants

2.10.5.    Competitive Rivalry

2.11.  PEST Analysis

2.11.1.    Political Factors

2.11.2.    Economic Factors

2.11.3.    Social Factors

2.11.4.    Technology Factors

2.12.  Key Regulation

3.       Global Human Microbiome Market Estimates & Historical Trend Analysis (2021 - 2024)

4.       Global Human Microbiome Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by Product

4.1.    Global Human Microbiome Market Revenue (US$ Bn) Estimates and Forecasts, by Product, 2021 - 2035

4.1.1.Prebiotics

4.1.2.Probiotics

4.1.3.Synbiotics

4.1.4.Drugs

5.       Global Human Microbiome Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by Microbiome Type

5.1.    Global Human Microbiome Market Revenue (US$ Bn) Estimates and Forecasts, by Microbiome Type, 2021 - 2035

5.1.1.Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs)

5.1.2.Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)

5.1.3.Others

6.       Global Human Microbiome Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by Application

6.1.    Global Human Microbiome Market Revenue (US$ Bn) Estimates and Forecasts, by Application, 2021 - 2035

6.1.1.Therapeutics

6.1.2.Diagnostics

6.1.3.Research Application

7.       Global Human Microbiome Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by End-user

7.1.    Global Human Microbiome Market Revenue (US$ Bn) Estimates and Forecasts, by End-user, 2021 - 2035

7.1.1.Hospitals and Clinics

7.1.2.Long-term Care Facilities

7.1.3.Others

8.       Global Human Microbiome Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by region

1.1.    Global Human Microbiome Market Revenue (US$ Bn) Estimates and Forecasts, by region, 2021 - 2035

1.1.1.North America

1.1.2.Eastern Europe

1.1.3.Western Europe

1.1.4.Asia Pacific

1.1.5.Middle East & Africa

1.1.6.Latin America

9.       North America Human Microbiome Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

9.1.    North America Human Microbiome Market Assessments & Key Findings

9.1.1.North America Human Microbiome Market Introduction

9.1.2.North America Human Microbiome Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Billion) (2021 - 2035)

9.1.2.1.   By Product

9.1.2.2.   By Microbiome Type

9.1.2.3.   By Application

9.1.2.4.   By End-user

9.1.2.5.   By Country

9.1.2.5.1.     The U.S.

9.1.2.5.2.     Canada

9.1.2.5.3.     Mexico

10.   Western Europe Human Microbiome Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

10.1.  Western Europe Human Microbiome Market Assessments & Key Findings

10.1.1.   Western Europe Human Microbiome Market Introduction

10.1.2.   Western Europe Human Microbiome Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Billion) (2021 - 2035)

10.1.2.1.    By Product

10.1.2.2.    By Microbiome Type

10.1.2.3.    By Application

10.1.2.4.    By End-user

10.1.2.5.    By Country

10.1.2.5.1. Germany

10.1.2.5.2. Italy

10.1.2.5.3. U.K.

10.1.2.5.4. France

10.1.2.5.5. Spain

10.1.2.5.6. Benelux

10.1.2.5.7. Nordics

10.1.2.5.8. Rest of W. Europe

11.   Eastern Europe Human Microbiome Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

11.1.  Eastern Europe Human Microbiome Market Assessments & Key Findings

11.1.1.   Eastern Europe Human Microbiome Market Introduction

11.1.2.   Eastern Europe Human Microbiome Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Billion) (2021 - 2035)

11.1.2.1.    By Product

11.1.2.2.    By Microbiome Type

11.1.2.3.    By Application

11.1.2.4.    By End-user

11.1.2.5.    By Country

11.1.2.5.1. Russia

11.1.2.5.2. Hungary

11.1.2.5.3. Poland

11.1.2.5.4. Balkan & Baltics

11.1.2.5.5. Rest of E. Europe

12.   Asia Pacific Human Microbiome Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

12.1.  Asia Pacific Market Assessments & Key Findings

12.1.1.    Asia Pacific Human Microbiome Market Introduction

12.1.2.    Asia Pacific Human Microbiome Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Billion) (2021 - 2035)

12.1.2.1.    By Product

12.1.2.2.    By Microbiome Type

12.1.2.3.    By Application

12.1.2.4.    By End-user

12.1.2.5.    By Country

12.1.2.5.1. China

12.1.2.5.2. Japan

12.1.2.5.3. India

12.1.2.5.4. Australia & New Zealand

12.1.2.5.5. South Korea

12.1.2.5.6. ASEAN

12.1.2.5.7. Rest of Asia Pacific

13.   Middle East & Africa Human Microbiome Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

13.1.  Middle East & Africa Market Assessments & Key Findings

13.1.1.   Middle East & Africa Human Microbiome Market Introduction

13.1.2.   Middle East & Africa Human Microbiome Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Billion) (2021 - 2035)

13.1.2.1.    By Product

13.1.2.2.    By Microbiome Type

13.1.2.3.    By Application

13.1.2.4.    By End-user

13.1.2.5.    By Country

13.1.2.5.1. UAE

13.1.2.5.2. Saudi Arabia

13.1.2.5.3. Turkey

13.1.2.5.4. South Africa

13.1.2.5.5. Rest of MEA

14.   Latin America Human Microbiome Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

14.1.  Latin America Market Assessments & Key Findings

14.1.1.   Latin America Human Microbiome Market Introduction

14.1.2.   Latin America Human Microbiome Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Billion) (2021 - 2035)

14.1.2.1.    By Product

14.1.2.2.    By Microbiome Type

14.1.2.3.    By Application

14.1.2.4.    By End-user

14.1.2.5.    By Country

14.1.2.5.1. Brazil

14.1.2.5.2. Argentina

14.1.2.5.3. Colombia

14.1.2.5.4. Rest of LATAM

15.   Country Wise Market: Introduction

16.   Competition Landscape

16.1.  Global Human Microbiome Market Product Mapping

16.2.  Global Human Microbiome Market Concentration Analysis, by Leading Players / Innovators / Emerging Players / New Entrants

16.3.  Global Human Microbiome Market Tier Structure Analysis

16.4.  Global Human Microbiome Market Concentration & Company Market Shares (%) Analysis, 2023

17.   Company Profiles

17.1.      Ferring Pharmaceuticals

17.1.1.    Company Overview & Key Stats

17.1.2.    Financial Performance & KPIs

17.1.3.    Product Portfolio

17.1.4.    SWOT Analysis

17.1.5.    Business Strategy & Recent Developments

    * Similar details would be provided for all the players mentioned below 

17.2.      Second Genome

17.3.      Finch Therapeutics Group Inc.

17.4.      Vedanta Biosciences

17.5.      AOBiome Therapeutics

17.6.      4D Pharma plc

17.7.      Enterome Biosciences SA

17.8.      BioGaia

17.9.      Seed Health

17.10.   Synthetic Biologics Inc.

17.11.   Axial Biotherapeutics Inc.

17.12.   Evelo Biosciences Inc.

17.13.   Osel Inc.

17.14.   DuPont

17.15.   Codex Labs

17.16.   Other Prominent Players

18.   Research Methodology

18.1.  External Transportations / Databases

18.2.  Internal Proprietary Database

18.3.  Primary Research

18.4.  Secondary Research

18.5.  Assumptions

18.6.  Limitations

18.7.  Report FAQs

19.   Research Findings & Conclusion